Microbe+life-processes

When humans use microbes for our own ends it is called //**Biotechnology.**// Microbes are everywhere around us, some bad (pathogens) and also good!

Here is a list of some helpful/useful microbes //Lactobacillus sanfrancisco// This bacterium gives sourdough its unique flavor by producing lots of tangy lactic acid. || //Arbuscular mycorrhizas// (ar-bus-que-ler my-kuh-rye-zuh) //Arbuscula//r is part of a soil-living fungus family. This fungus helps crops take up nutrients from the soil. || //Aspergillus oryzae// [fungi]; Peediococcus halophilus [bacterium]; Zygosaccharomyces rouxii [fungus]; Torulopsis species [fungus] //Aspergillus// gets things started by breaing down proteins in soybeans. //Zygosaccharomyces// and //Torulopsis// break down additional proteins in beans and wheat, giving soy sauce its distinctive flavor and rich smell. || //Saccharomyces carlsbergensis// This fungus breaks down the natural sugars in grains to form ethanol and carbon dioxide (a.k.a. beer). || //Enzyme// Microbes make compounds called //enzymes// that we use in making hundreds of products. We grow billions of bacteria in giant fermenting tanks, then break them apart to get their enzymes for making soy sauce, soda, beer, wine, cheese, infant formula, chewing gum, leather goods, paper, laundry detergent, and even the stone-washed look on blue jeans. || //Lactobacillus delbrueckii// //Lactobacillus// turns lactose, the sugar in milk, into lactic acid that wards off microbes that cause spoilage. || //Pseudomonas putida// (sue-doe-moan-us poo-tea-dah) //Pseudomonas// cleans waste from sewage water at water treatment plants. || //Thermus aquaticus// This bacterium makes a special enzyme, //polymerase//, that enables scientists to make many millions of copies of DNA using a process called PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The PCR procedure produces a lot of heat; because //Thermus// //aquaticus// lives in hot springs, its polymerase can withstand high temperatures and still work. || //Lactobacillus acidophilus// (lack-toe-bah-sill-us acid-off-ill-us) //Acidophilus// bacteria breaks down sugars and carbohydrates in milk, turning it into yogurt. This process is called fermentation. || //Marine Bacteria// We're using bacteria as one of the tools to clean up oil spills. These bacteria chow on the oil, turning it into carbon dioxide and other harmless by-products. || //Escherichia coli// (Esh-er-ish-e-ah coal-eye) //E. coli// is one of many kinds of friendly microbes that live in your gut and help you digest your food every day. ||
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//Saccharomyces cerevisiae// (sack-arrow-my-seas sair-uh-vis-ee-ay) //Saccharomyces// is also known as Baker's Yeast because it is used to make bread rise. This fungus also breaks down the natural sugars in grains or other starchy ingredients into carbon dioxide and ethanol (a.k.a. alcohol). || //Bacillus thuringiensis// (bah-sill-us ther-in-gee-in-sis) //Bacillus thuringiensis// is also know as //"Bt."// This common soil bacterium acts as a natural pest-killer in gardens and on crops. || //Propionibacterium freudenreichii// This bacterium produces carbon dioxide gas bubbles that burst in ripening cheese, leaving this cheese's trademark holes. || //Xanthomonas campestris// This bacterium produces a slimy outer couting called //xanthan//. Xanthan gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in many common products including water-based paints and cosmetics. || //Methanotroph// (meth-an-oh-trof) //Methanotrophs// eat methane gas to clean up hazardous waste dumps and landfills. These methane-munching bacteria make an enzyme that can break down more than 250 nasty pollutants into harmless molecules. By piping methane into the soil, we can increase growth of the //methanotrophs// that normally live in the polluted soil. More //methanotrophs// means faster pollution break up. || //Acetobacter// //Acetobacter// modifies glucose, making vitamin C as a by-product. || //Streptomyces// (strep-toe-my-seas) //Streptomyces// is a soil bacteria that makes streptomycin, an antibiotic used to treat infections. Fungi and bacteria produce powerful antibiotics such as //penicillin// (pen-ih-sill-en) and //tetracycline// (teh-truh-sigh-klin). These are drugs we use to fight off nasty bacteria that cause sore throats, ear infections, diarrhea and other discomforts. || //Aspergillus niger// [fungus] and other species After being grown in huge nutrient-filled tanks called fermenters, the beefed-up fungi make large quantities of enzymes, some of which are used to turn animal hides into leather goods. || //Aspergillus oryzae// [fungus]; Kluyveromyces lactis [fungus]
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These fungi produce lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose, enabling people with lactose intolerance to drink milk. The information from this page was from http://www.microbeworld.org/know/everyday.aspx ||
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