selective+breeding

__**Selective breeding**__ This involves choosing plants and/or animals with desirable characteristics and breeding these together.So the required charaterisitcs are passed down to the next generation.This will lead to a result of a population where all individuals have a particular desirable characteristic(trait) and are all homozgyous for that trait. this will mean that only the highest quality aminals or organisims will be produced, hence producing higher profit for farmers etc.

__**Cloning**__ This is when the offspring are produced that are genetically identical to 1 parent,so this means that the genetic material is only inherited from that parent.Genetic material from a body cell from 1 parent is transferred into an egg whose nucleus has been removed. The egg now has a full set of genes from that parent. Cloning animals involves complicated steps that are all likly to fail, so in many cases artifcial insemination among, for example, dairy heards, is more affordable and accessible to farmers. In some cases the profit is enough to justify the cist of a clone, for example an elite stud bull. Cloning plants is more simple.

__**Genetic modifications**__ This is when the genetic material is changed.This usually happens by transferring DNA from 1 species to the DNA of another species.This is done to give the original species a desirable characteristic. people can now choose the sex of their baby before it ids born, and there is a big debate in about weather this should be llegal or accptable.

Uses of selective breeding:


 * High yielding crops, such as wheat are produced by collecting the seeds from only the plants that have a good yield of wheat.
 * Disease resistant crops can be developed.
 * Animals on farms are bred so that they produce more food, e.g. cows with better meat, hens that lay more eggs.